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自学考试“英语(一)”笔记 六十八

来源:www.huibangka.com 2023-03-04

自学考试“英语(一)”笔记 六十八


15.Seal n. 海豹;印章  v. 封口
1)Many Canadian seals wore killed to reduce the numbers to help the species to survive.
(很多的加拿大海豹被猎杀是为了减它们的数目使该物种幸存下来。)
2)The document bore an official seal.(这件上盖有官方大印。)
3)She sealed the envelope and put it in the postbox.(她封上信封后把信放入邮筒。)
16.By-product1 n. 副商品
by-是一个前缀,表明“次要的”,“附带的”,如:by-channel(支渠),by-effect(不良反应),by-lane(小巷);by-line(副业),by-work(第二职业);by-road(小路)等等。
17.Conservation n. 保存;维护
conserve2 v. save, preserve(保存,维护)
1)People are paying more and more attention to the conservation of wildlife.(大家愈加看重野生动物的维护。)
2)Conservation of water is of great importance.(节省用水尤为重要。)
3)He leaned against the tree quietly to conserve strength.(他静静地靠在树上以节省膂力。)
4) It is known to all that we should conserve natural resources.(大家都知道,咱们应该维护自然资源。)
18.Reserve v. 保存;预计  n. 保存;储藏物
1)These seats are reserved for special quests.(这类座位是保存给特别的客人的。)
2)We will reserve the plane ticket for you until tomorrow afternoon.(机票给你保存到明日下午。)
3)I reserve the right to respond later.(我保存稍后作出回话的权力。)
4)He reserved two tickets for tomorrows show.(他定了两张明日的演出票。)

5)A bright future is reserved for you.(光亮的出息正等待着你。)

6)During the war, she always kept a reserve of tinned food in the house.
(战争期间,她一直在家储藏听装食物。)
7)Many animals use their fat reserves in their body to pull through the winter.
(很多动物用体内储藏的指肪熬过冬天。)
8)The bank‘s cash reserves couldn’t meet the demand.(这家银行的现金储藏认可不了需要。)
19.Breed v. 繁衍;养殖;哺育  n. 品种,类型
1)Some animals will not breed when caged.(有的动物关在笼内就不产仔。)
2)He was bred to be a gentleman.(他被作为绅士哺育成人。)
3)They are of the same breed.(他们是同一类人。)
4)They raise many breeds of dog.(他们养着很多不同种的狗。)
20.Provided conj. if (假设,如果是)
1)We will be there before 10, provided we don‘t waste time.
(倘若咱们不费时,咱们就能在10点之前到那儿。)
2)We will go provided that the weather is fine.(假设天晴,咱们就去。)
3)Provided that no objection is raised, we will set back the program.(倘若没人反对,咱们就把这个项目推延。)
请注意:provided不是过去分词,而是连词,作“假设,只须”解,在白话中常用providing. Provided that与if的不同在于:provided that所表明的“倘若”,含有期望该条件完成的意思。
21.Determination n. 决计,决议;结论
determine v. 决议,决议
1)He is a man of determination.(他是一个有决断力的人。)
2)This strengthened his determination not to give in.(这更坚定了他不屈服的决计。)
3)The doctor‘s determination was made after the blood test.(医师的结论是在验血之后作出的。)
4)We haven‘t determined3 a date for the meeting.(咱们还没确定会议的日期。)
5)He determined to study harder.(他决计更努力地学习。)
6)They are determined to carry out the plan.(他们决计推行这一计划。)
22.Clash n. 抵触    v. 产生抵触
1)Thousands of demonstrators clashed with the police.(数千名示威者与差人产生了抵触。)
2)They wanted to visit both places, but the dates clashed.(他们两个当地都想去,但日程有抵触。)

3)They got into a verbal clash because of a misunderstanding.(因为误解他们产生了口角。)
4)An armed clash is unavoidable.(武装抵触不可防止。)
请注意差异crash,crush和clash.
Crash指因坠下或猛冲而砰地碰撞,如plane crash(坠机);crush指压碎,压坏,如crush a plot(粉碎阴谋);crush grapes(榨葡萄)
本课介绍
当一个物种的死亡率高于出生率时,一朝一夕这个物种就会灭绝。自生命产生起的数百万年间,已有多个物种灭绝。没办法习惯环境变化的生物,很难与习惯性更好、更健壮的生物相抗衡的生物,其最后的命都将是消亡。在过去的几十年中,人为地猎杀动物或是改动其生息的自然环境已使得其些物种灭绝。这样事便不乏其人。亚马逊区域自然环境的改动、植被的破坏将使多个物种灭绝。盲目无度地猎杀动物使得北美的水牛几近灭绝。
愈加多的大家开端关注野生动植物的维护。办法之一是将濒临灭绝的物种移进动物园和公园,使它们大概繁衍足够多的后代以后能重返自然。办法之二是打造野生动物维护区,使动物在自然环境中得到照顾。
本课言语点
1. An animal species becomes extinct when it fails to produce enough young in each generation to keep pace with the death——rate.
本句中become是连系动物, extinct是形容词,extinct 一般指动、植物的种灭绝,不再存在。语句中的it代指 (the) animal species.
fail to do sth. 意思是“没能做到…”如:
1)He failed to realize his dream of flying round the world.(他没能完成飞翔国际的愿望。)
2)I failed to persuade him to give up smoking.(我没能劝说他把烟戒掉。)
3)Don‘t fail to live up to what your parents expect of you.(别孤负爸爸妈妈对你的期望。)
4)Don‘t fail to wake me up.(不要忘记叫醒我。)
Keep pace with 是一个常用词组,意思是“跟上”,如:
1)He was too old to keep pace with the modern ideas of life.(他年龄大了,跟不上现代生活观念。)
2)Earnings have not kept pace with inflation.(收入还没与通货膨胀的速度坚持同步。)
2. We can tell from fossil evidence in rocks that many living species become extinct over the million of years since life began.
本句中的tell不是“告诉”的意思,而是“判定”或“分辨”的意思。如:
1)Can you tell her from her twin sister?(你能分得出她和她的孪生姐妹吗?)
2)Can you tell which is right?(你能判定哪一人是对的吗?)
that在句中引导宾主从句,做tell的宾语。
1)He had had a bad cold over Christmas.(他在圣诞期间得了重伤风。)
2)They read a lot of books over the vacation.(假日里他们看了不少书。)

3. …… extinction4 is the fate of any animal that has specialized5 too far to change when its environment changes, or has to compete with a better-adapted and more powerful animal.
that在句中引导定语从句,修饰animal.
specialize 一般指“专门研究,专门从事”,如:
1)He specializes in medicine. (他专攻医科。)
2)This shop specializes in cooking utensils6.(这家商铺专门经销饮具。)
在本课文中specialize的意思是“专化,以特别方法演化。”
Animals and plants are specialized to fit their surroundings. (动植物是根据特别方法演化以习惯各自的环境的。)
too…to…的意思是“太…以致于不可以…”如:
1)I was too disappointed to try again.(我太失望,不想再尝试。)
2)He is too young to take care of himself.(他太年幼,照顾不了自己。)
compete with 意思是“与…竞赛”,也可用compete against.
1)He didn‘t want to compete with others for this position.(他不想与别人竞赛这个职位。)
2)Sometimes animals have to compete against each other for the chance to survive.
(有时,动物为了存活不可以相互竞赛。)
better adapted意思是“习惯得更好的”。better是副词well 的比较级形式,adapted 是过去分词做形容词用。这种表达形式在英语中很容易见到,如:well-known,poorly-dressed,better-prepared等等。
4. A number of examples can be given of the way in which natural environment are being rapidly changed……
a number of 意思是“很多”,如:
1)A number of proposals had been put forward at the meeting. (会上提出了很多建议。)
2)A number of students have passed the exam.(已有很多学生通过了考试。)
of在本句中的意思是关于,等于about.如:
1)They were not told of this new policy. (关于此项政策,他们没被告知。)
2)They wanted to know every detail of what had happened.(对于已产生的事,他们想了解每个细节。)
5. There is every likelihood that many species of animals will be made extinct because of these and similar clearances8 of natural vegetation.
Likelihood是一个名词,意思是“可能”,等于 possibility,that在本句中引导同位语从句,对 likelihood作进一步的弥补说明。如:There is no doubt that he is a reliable person.(毫无疑问,他是一个可信任的人。)
Clearance7 在本句中的意思是“(植被)采伐殆尽;清除。”
Clearances of vegetation will lead to the loss of water and soil.(采伐植被会引起水土流失。)





















































































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